essay harvard referencing style

This guide covers the basics of academic referencing, including: Printable version of this guide (this is designed to be printed double-sided on A4 paper, then folded to make an A5 leaflet). Correct referencing is the cornerstone of all academic work. It gives due credit to the authors of any sources you may have used in your study, as well as demonstrating your understanding and familiarity with the resources. Many students are unsure about how and when to reference, and how to get the balance right between demonstrating research and using their own ideas. Developing this knowledge is an essential part of academic study, and will help you to avoid the risk of unintentional plagiarism. What does your department do ? Different departments or disciplines may use different styles of referencing, so it's important to check which your department prefers, and how they want you to use it. The examples in this guide use Harvard referencing, which is the style most commonly used at Reading. Check in your course handbook (usually available online if you don't have a copy) to see which style of referencing you are expected to use. Most of our advice on how to use references will be relevant to your studies whatever the style. There are also some external links listed at the foot of this page that give advice on other referencing systems. What is referencing? Referencing is a way of acknowledging the books, papers and other published and unpublished materials that you have used while researching your essay or report. This acknowledgment has to be made twice: once in the body of your text (or sometimes in footnotes) in the place where the source is referred to; and once with full details at the end of your work in a reference list or bibliography. References acknowledge that part of your work is based on the work and material of others. All academic work is part of a greater body.
Department of Lifelong Learning: Study Skills Series (Download pdf version) Introduction As a student, it is important that you identify in your assessment when you are using the words or ideas of another author.  The most accepted way of acknowledging the work of another author is to use a referencing system.  At the Department of Lifelong Learning you are required to use the Harvard referencing system.  The following guide tells you why you need to use a referencing system, shows you how to insert references in the text of your assignments, and shows you how to compile a reference list.  While there are many variations on the ‘Harvard’ system, the one presented in this guide is the most simple.  It does away with most usages of ‘p’ and ‘pp’ to signify page numbers and it replaces some of the commas with colons.  Also, this guide is by no means an exhaustive list of all the referencing conventions that you will require in your academic life.  Why you should use a referencing system As a part of an academic community, it is important that you show the reader where you have used someone else’s ideas or words.  Failure to properly reference using the Harvard system may make the reader think that you are cheating by claiming someone else’s work as your own.  In the academic environment, we call this plagiarism and it is seen as a very serious offence.  Please remember that plagiarism is not just when you directly copy words from another student’s or expert’s work.  Plagiarism also occurs when you re-word someone else’s ideas in your own work and you do not give credit to the original source.    Plagiarism can have disastrous consequences for students.  If you are suspected of plagiarism you may find that your assignment receives a grade of zero.  In extreme or repeated cases, you may find that your enrolment at the university is reviewed.  For further information.
A major change that has occurred in the Western family is an increased incidence in divorce. Whereas in the past, divorce was a relatively rare occurrence, in recent times it has become quite commonplace. This change is borne out clearly in census figures. For example thirty years ago in Australia, only one marriage in ten ended in divorce; nowadays the figure is more than one in three (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1996: p.45). A consequence of this change has been a substantial increase in the number of single parent families and the attendant problems that this brings (Kilmartin, 1997). An important issue for sociologists, and indeed for all of society, is why these changes in marital patterns have occurred. In this essay I will seek to critically examine a number of sociological explanations for the 'divorce phenomenon' and also consider the social policy implications that each explanation carries with it. It will be argued that the best explanations are to be found within a broad socio-economic framework. One type of explanation for rising divorce has focused on changes in laws relating to marriage. For example, Bilton, Bonnett and Jones (1987) argue that increased rates of divorce do not necessarily indicate that families are now more unstable. It is possible, they claim, that there has always been a degree of marital instability. They suggest that changes in the law have been significant, because they have provided unhappily married couples with 'access to a legal solution to pre-existent marital problems' (p.301). Bilton et al. therefore believe that changes in divorce rates can be best explained in terms of changes in the legal system. The problem with this type of explanation however, is that it does not consider why these laws have changed in the first place. It could be argued that reforms to family law, as well as the increased rate of divorce that.
Introduction to Harvard referencingTo find out how to do a correct Harvard reference for all the different types of information you are likely to use, please see the links in the left hand menu.  Examples include how to do an in-text reference and an entry in the final reference list.
Writing a professional essay requires a set of skills that include technical and qualitative expertise, in-depth knowledge of the given subject, and other aspects as well. One of the essential skills is the ability to present information in the format that will express your ideas and will not undermine the studies and works that you mention in your piece of writing. Academic writing has several formats and standards that are used in different institutions to guide and educate student and professionals in correct and detailed organization and referencing of sources. One of the oldest and very well known styles is Harvard referencing and formatting. Look through the peculiarities of the Harvard format: One of the biggest advantages, recognized by many universities and institutions, is the ease and simplicity of referencing that is easy to follow and trace. Harvard referencing guide uses standard set of requirements for citing the source of information used in the document. It comes to the name of the writer, year of publication, title, place of publication and publisher. Besides, it requires from you to provide in-text reference that would include the name, year and page reference of the citation or quotation. In regards to the general arrangement of the document, Harvard style is not that strict and the major requirement is font (Times New Roman) and double spacing. The main objective of these guidelines is to make the document more “user-friendly” for the reader. As the main focus of Harvard style is on the referencing and citations, it is important to be very consistent and follow specific requirements of the guide that identify certain format for books, web and journal citations. Due to the fact that Harvard referencing is one of the most widely used styles, it is being reviewed and updated on constant basis and the latest version can always be found in online.
About This Tool If you're a student and have ever had to write Reports, Essays or Theses, you will have had to reference what you have used in your report. If you mention something that someone else has written, you need to give them credit by referencing them. The Harvard Referencing System is one of the preferred layouts for these references. It is a relatively strict way of arranging the bibliographical information. This tool takes in the raw information - author, title, year of publication - and creates the reference in the correct form. You can then highlight and copy this into the bibliography section of your report. You then reference this next to the relevant section within your essay in the format (Author, Year) such as (Smith, 2005). e.g. The arms race between Bees and Wasps has escalated in recent decades, and many now suggest a full-scale war is inevitable (Benson, 2003). Why have a Bibliography in an Essay or Report? A Bibliography is a list of the books (or other sources of information) that you consulted when writing an essay, report, thesis or dissertation. When doing research, we very rarely come up with our own theories. These take time to develop, and involve putting them out for debate. By researching the theories of others, we include ideas in our works that have already gone through that academic testing. However, you have to be aware that you are using someone else's work for your own benefit. You will get the marks, but the author of the ideas may have put in decades of research to come up with the concepts. Therefore, you need to ensure that you reference your sources - essentially giving credit to the person whom you are citing. Harvard-style referencing is one of the standard ways to provide this information, allowing anyone reading your work to quickly locate the original source [Read More.].