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We sought to strike a balance between working in an entirely inductive way to design measures that might not be theoretically interpretable and over-theorizing based on prior WVS literature that might have a non-Indian theoretical bias on the other. We identified seven sets ofGopalan & Rivera (1997)Values about gender Patriarchal society; women have to face unfavorable demographic outcomes such as early marriage & social discrimination, they are often the targets of domestic and social violence, men are considered breadwinners and women are restricted to daily household chores, have less autonomy, often secluded from forming social networks so as to protect the honor of their parent's or husband's familyJeffery et al. (1989), Jejeebhoy and Sathar (2001), Lamoreaux and Morling (2011),Sankaran and Madhav (2011)Values about hedonism Power, status and money are valued, rich people are considered superior to others, displaying luxury and pompous living is considered important by both upper and lower class societies, emperors in the past were known to lead a luxurious life and possessed palaces, assets and several wivesSinha et al., (2004), Srivastava (2001),Bloch et al., (2004)Values about life satisfaction Along with personal welfare the society seeks welfare of the collective, a focus on maintaining relationships within group members and helping others through charities and donations is considered satisfying Basham (1971), Walz and Ritchie (2000), Biswas (2009),Radhakrishnan (2007)Values about goal formulation Along with a focus on Karma and Dharma, autonomy and success are also considered important, people emphasize formulating goals independently, however importance is given to upholding the prestige and social status of the family in formulating goalsGopalan and Rivera (1997), Sinha et al. (2001), Mines (1992A Table 2provides an overview of these values, their.
Weddings in Pakistan have a host of unnecessary and wasteful traditions attached to them. Mostly, middle class families of Pakistan can’t imagine abandoning these traditions. If someone opts to do this, they have to face the resentment of their family and ridicule from a section of society. Lavish functions of “Barat” and “Valima” are celebrated. It is a tradition that these two functions have been celebrated separately. But if both functions are merged into a single one, then it would help in saving time and resources for all participants. This trend is being followed by some in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi for the last couple of years. And most people have admired its efficacy because it is less hectic and economises on resources. Moreover, a lot of pomp and show is now associated with weddings and more money is spent on every aspect of the wedding than is needed (from invites to décor to locales etc). One such example is the bridal dress. Any amount from Rs 25,000/- to Rs. 800,000/- is spent on a dress that the bride will never use again. Whereas the option of inexpensive dresses (even rental dresses) is available, many people still opt for spending an exorbitant amount. Moreover, a lot is spent on gold jewellery even though the prices are sky high. Why not opt for silver or platinum jewellery or goldplated jewellery? Because of the pressure of social customs, of course. Due to the regalia that have now become the norm in weddings, even people who can’t afford it feel compelled to spend an inordinate amount of money to keep up with the Joneses and to save face. It is time that we must change our attitude and adopt a more practical approach. To promote new trends, everyone has to play the role. The media in particular can play a vital role regarding educating people to switch to these economical traditions. But as of now, the media is doing the exact opposite. It.
Revision: 1.55 Revision: 1.131 See Filename:59.rtf OutFileName:59.html Subject: Author:Administrator Operator:CommonLII Comments: Keywords: Translation Date: Translation Time:16:30:25 Translation Platform:Unix Number of Output files:1 This File:59.html --> You are here: CommonLII >> Databases >> PKLJC >> Reports >> PKLJC 59 [Database Search] [Name Search] [Help] Prohibiting Excessive Expenditure on Marriage Ceremony and DowryReport No.59 Prohibiting Excessive Expenditure on Marriage Ceremony and Dowry Introduction The Government, with a view to imposing restriction on marriage expenses, dowry and bridal gifts, enacted the Dowry and Bridal Gifts (Restriction) Act 1976. Prior to the enactment of this Act, the West Pakistan Dowry (Prohibition on Display) Act 1967 was in force, which was repealed by the new Act. The Act of 1967 had imposed ban on the display/exhibition of dowry and presents. Further, it provided for the vesting of the property including dowry items and other presents given to the bride, in such woman. The law obligated all persons, having received any dowry or presents on behalf of the bride, to transfer the same to the bride. For breach, the law provided penalty i.e. one year imprisonment or fine for upto five thousand rupees or both. It may be noted that the Act of 1967 had only imposed ban on the display/exhibition of dowry and presents, but no restriction as to quantity/value of dowry, bridal gifts and presents given to bride and bridegroom. The practice of giving/demanding huge properties/sums by way of dowry has been a cause of constant agony/suffering for poor families and has led to many social evils. The practice has been a remnant of Hindu culture and has no basis in Islam. It is fast spreading to every nook and corner of the country. In an attempt to address the problem, the Federal Government enacted the.
Every now and then we have ceremonies of marriages, engagements, opening of new businesses, births of children, returns from pilgrimage awards on successes and achievements, match wins, and so on. These are happy occasions on which we celebrate some changes or successes in life. It is all very proper to have gatherings of friends and relations on the ceremonies that we perform together. What is objectionable is the fanfare, show and unnecessary expenditure on them. It is strange that we do not share true feelings of joy and satisfaction with our friends and relations in frank talks and open laughter. We rather try to make an extravagant show of our clothes,possessions,and property on these occasions. It is at the time of marriage that we witnesses the greatest and highest expenditures. If the girl’s parents are rich they like to hold grand functions on the occasion. Huge tents are erected or spacious marriage halls are hired with costly decorations to please, impress and satisfy the guests especially, the boys and the general public. The marriage ceremony is preceded and followed by unnecessary functions, gatherings and parties. Even the restrictions on the dinner or dishes to be served to the guests are disregarded. Separate hidden arrangements are often made away from the venue of the marriage to serve a sumptuous dinner consisting of several courses. The marriage ceremony which should be simple and inexpensive according to our religious customs and traditions is made an occasion of display of dowry, music, lighting and presents from the guests and the wealth and resources of the bride and bridegroom. So is the pomp and show at the walima function or ceremony, the entertainment on the second day of marriage arranged by the bridegroom. The other ceremonies religious in general held by our different classes are also as expensively arranged as possible for example the.
Wasteful Expenditure (Israf) is a Great Sin By: Shaheed Ayatullah Abdul Husain Dastghaib Shirazi The thirty-second sin, which has been mentioned in the Qur’an and traditions as a Greater sin, is Isrāf or wasteful expenditure. It is enumerated among the Greater Sins in the tradition of Fazl Ibn Shazān from Imam Riďa (a.s.) and also in the tradition of Amash from Imam Ja’far as-Sadiq (a.s.). The Qur’anic verses and traditions, both, confirm that wasteful expenditure is a Greater sin. First we shall quote these ayats and traditions and then delve into the various aspects of this sin. The Holy Qur’an says, “ and eat and drink and be not extravagant; surely He does not love the extravagant.” (Surah al-Ar’āf 7:31) The above ayat suffices to show the dislike of Almighty Allah (S.w.T.) for the extravagant people. According to some exegesists of the Qur’an one who is not loved by Allah (S.w.T.) is doomed to perdition because the love of Allah (S.w.T.) implies Divine rewards. According to Tafsīr Majmaul Bayan, Bakhti Shoa was the personal physician of Harūn al-Rashid. He was a Christian. One day he asked Waqidi, “Does your Holy book contain any medical knowledge?” Waqidi replied, “The Almighty Allah (S.w.T.) has condensed the complete medical knowledge in a single verse, “.And eat and drink and be not extravagant.” “Did your Prophet mention anything about this branch of knowledge?” asked the physician. “Yes,” said Waqidi, “he has described the medical sciences in a brief sentence. ‘The stomach is the house of pain and abstinence is the most important medicine. Everyone should be given the amount (of food) he needs.’” Upon hearing this, the Christian remarked, “Your Book and your Prophet have not omitted anything from medical science and Galen (the Greek physician) had nothing more to say.” The Almighty Allah (S.w.T.) says in the Qur’an, “.eat of its fruit when it bears fruit.
From a financial perspective, this wedding culture of over-the-top nuptials could not possibly be more ruinous. If there is any hope for sanity amidst the financial absurdity of Pakistani weddings, it must come from the growing class of urban professionals. ‘Tis the season of weddings in Pakistan, the time of year when relatives fly in from all over the world to gather at the gold-dipped, henna-encrusted, week-long dance-fest that is almost mandatory for anybody seeking to tie the knot in the land of the pure. Given that fun seems to be generally illegal in the country, weddings seem to be the only excuse for people to escape the drudgery of their boring lives. Yet from a financial perspective, this culture of over-the-top nuptials could not possibly be more ruinous. Having worked as a financial advisor in Karachi, I’m all too familiar with the fact that most people are not smart enough to plan out their financial future. Yet the few who are list their children’s wedding as one of their major life expenses, alongside infinitely more justifiable investments such as buying a house, saving for their children’s education and perhaps even their own retirement, are just plain unhinged. And unfortunately, there seems to be no movement in the works aimed at striking the conspicuous consumption of weddings off the list of acceptable cultural behaviour. So just how excessive are Pakistani weddings? One can judge through a set of comparisons. An American friend of mine recently got married and had what constitutes a reasonably elaborate wedding in upper middle-class America: with around 500 guests, the event cost her around ,000. To put that in perspective, that is less than three months of the combined incomes of the couple and less than the average per capita income of the United States. By contrast, a friend who got married in Pakistan had a wedding that was deemed.