pawnee indian essay

Lessons Complete safety instruction How to read the ocean, tides, weather and their relationship to surfing Identify different types of surfboards on the market Identify parts of the surfboard and their usage What shapers shape into a surfboard for different riding techniques Ground school: in depth study of basics of body positioning on the surfboard, how to paddle, stand and turn Wave identity and which waves to catch Water techniques on how to actually use the board in the surf: launching from shore, paddling through the breakers, positioning and preparing to catch a wave Identifying different types of waves and the best positioning to catch the wave How and when to begin paddling for the wave and when to stand How to trim and turn Surfing etiquette What makes Big Kahuna Surf School Unique: The uniqueness in my teaching style is found in my authentic Hawaiian heritage, and teaching lineage, together with my cumulative years of surfing, teaching and competition experience. Our instructors are expert surfers, Certified instructors, Professional Ocean Rescue Certified and watermen. Most importantly, however, is our professionalism tempered with our joy of teaching by seeing the smiles on our students faces and experience their exhilaration as they surf the waves. For your safety and to maximize your surfing experience. Use a professional.(Find out why you should use ONLY NSSIA Accredited surf schools and NSSIA Certified surfing instructorsfor your surf lessons or surf camps) Da Big Kahuna's Promise: I will provide you with all the basic knowledge and techniques necessary to begin enjoying the sport of surfing. Testimonials: Kali is the most knowledgeable and patient instructor I have ever known- Julie, Aventura I was riding the waves the first day. His teaching style makes it easy for a first-timer to understand the principals and apply them right-away.- Mike.
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  American Indians: The Image of the Indian Brian W. Dippie Department of History University of Victoria, British Columbia ©National Humanities Center An early twentieth-century elementary school textbook quizzed pupils on their grasp of the lesson devoted to American Indians. It was a time of unblushing certainty about the superiority of civilization to “savagery.” “In what three ways were the Indians different from the white men,” the school text asked, and “What did the white people think of the Indians?” Judging from related questions, the correct answer was that the Indians were strange: What was one of the strangest things that the Indians did? What strange things did the Indians believe about spirits? What strange things did the Indians do to drive the evil spirits away? Today it is difficult even to talk about the racial stereotypes once so confidently assumed. Stereotyping as a subject for study may be historical, but the emotions it arouses are eminently present day. Whether we use terms like image, stereotype or construct, we are talking about the same thing: ideas about a particular group that serve to characterize all the individuals within that group. Certain ideas entrench themselves as fundamental, and the rule of thumb is that such ideas are invariably self-serving—they promote the interests of the group that holds them, and they form the reality upon which that group acts. It is a given today that the idea of the American Indian has been historically significant. It shaped the attitudes of those in the nineteenth century who shaped Indian policy. Indian policy—be it removal of the Eastern tribes in the 1830s, reservation isolationism beginning in the 1850s, or allotment of reservation lands and assimilation in the 1880s—cannot be understood without an awareness of the ideas behind it. Literature and the visual arts provide revealing guides to.
Villa Scalabrini Retirement Center in Sun Valley, CA was opened for residents' occupancy on July 16, 1979. The 90- room facility, capable of accommodating up to 130 ambulatory senior citizens in single and some double occupancy rooms, was dedicated on April 22, 1979. The dedication ceremony was attended by Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, L.A. Archbishop Cardinal Timothy Manning, other civic and religious dignitaries and a crowd of over 2,000 people. Villa Scalabrini is the brain-child of Father Luigi Donanzan, of the Scalabrini Fathers of St. Charles (a missionary religious order for assistance to migrants) and is based on the concept that seniors should spend the sunset years of their lives in pleasant surroundings, engaged in stimulating activities among their peers. Once the idea was launched, it found immediate endorsement from His Eminence Cardinal Timothy Manning and great response from the Italian American community among whom a committee of prominent Southern California individuals was formed to raise the necessary funds. Villa Scalabrini, located in Sun Valley, at the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains in the San Fernando Valley, is a modern, functional structure, universally praised in architectural circles as a model home for senior citizens. Designed by George Kirkpatrick and Panos Koulermos, architects, it is a one floor building with basement, covering a total area of 100,000 square feet. Residents' rooms are distributed around seven inside gardens that go by the names of famous Italian cities, such as: Palermo, Napoli, Roma, Firenze, Venezia, Milano, and Torino, thus offering the advantage of privacy and open air, while, at the same time, being all connected to the central facilities. Among the special features of Villa Scalabrini are: a spacious and modern chapel for daily Mass, dining room, arts and crafts room, physical therapy room, physician's.
The Indians of Colorado depended heavily on locally available resources for food, clothing, and shelter. They hunted game and harvested roots, seeds, and berries depending on the season. Hides from the animals they hunted furnished them with clothing. They constructed shelters from poles, brush, and hides.For the Indians of the plains, bison were the single most important local resource. Fresh and dried bison meat was the main item in their diet, which they augmented with small game, roots, and berries. They lived in portable shelters made of bison hides, which allowed them sufficient mobility to follow the bison herds. Bison robes served as floor coverings for their teepees and as outer clothing for cold weather. The Ute Indians who inhabited the mountains of central Colorado and the southern and western plateau lands were less dependent on the buffalo. They hunted a variety of game animals including deer, elk, and bear, in addition to bison. Their supply of bison came from annual hunting trips to the plains. They built shelters of poles and brush, called wickiups, as well as hide-covered tepees.
Before the advent of the transcontinental railroad, a journey across the continent to the western states meant a dangerous six month trek over rivers, deserts, and mountains.  Alternatively, a traveler could hazard a six week sea voyage around Cape Horn, or sail to Central America and cross the Isthmus of Panama by rail, risking exposure to any number of deadly diseases in the crossing.  Interest in building a railroad uniting the continent began soon after the advent of the locomotive. The first trains began to run in America in the 1830s along the East Coast. By the 1840s, the nation's railway networks extended throughout the East, South, and Midwest, and the idea of building a railroad across the nation to the Pacific gained momentum.  The annexation of the California territory following the Mexican-American War, the discovery of gold in the region in 1848, and statehood for California in 1850 further spurred the interest to unite the country as thousands of immigrants and miners sought their fortune in the West. During the 1850s, Congress sponsored numerous survey parties to investigate possible routes for a transcontinental railroad. No particular route became a clear favorite as political groups were split over whether the route should be a northern or southern one. Theodore Judah, a civil engineer who helped build the first railroad in California, promoted a route along the 41st parallel, running through Nebraska, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, and California.  He was so obsessed with the idea of a transcontinental railroad that he became known as Crazy Judah. Although Judah's plan had merit, detractors noted the formidable obstacles along his proposed route, the most serious of which was the Sierra Nevada mountain range. A rail line built along this route would require tunneling through granite mountains and crossing deep ravines, an engineering feat yet to be.