nicolaus copernicus summary essay

Nicolaus Copernicus Monetae cudendae ratio (also spelled Monetæ cudendæ ratio; English: On the Minting of Coin or On the Striking of Coin; sometimes, Treatise on Money) is a paper on coinage by Nicolaus Copernicus (Polish: Mikołaj Kopernik). It was written in 1526 at the request of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland,[1][2] and presented to the Prussian Diet. Contents 1 History 2 See also 3 Notes 4 References 5 External links History[edit] Click on image to read the German version. Copernicus' earliest draft of his essay in 1517 was entitled De aestimatione monetae (On the Value of Coin). He revised his original notes, while at Olsztyn (Allenstein) in 1519 (which he defended against the Teutonic Knights), as Tractatus de monetis (Treatise on Coin) and Modus cudendi monetam (The Way to Strike Coin). He made these the basis of a report which he presented to the Prussian Diet at Grudziądz (Graudenz) in 1522; Copernicus' friend Tiedemann Giese accompanied him on the trip to Graudenz.[3] For the 1528 Prussian Diet, Copernicus wrote an expanded version of this paper, Monetae cudendae ratio (On the Minting of Coin), setting forth a general theory of money. In the paper, Copernicus postulated the principle that bad money drives out good ,[4] which later came to be referred to as Gresham's Law after a later describer, Sir Thomas Gresham. This phenomenon had been noted earlier by Nicole Oresme, but Copernicus rediscovered it independently. Gresham's Law is still known in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe as the Copernicus-Gresham Law.[5] In the same work, Copernicus also formulated an early version of the quantity theory of money,[2] or the relation between a stock of money, its velocity, its price level, and the output of an economy. Like many later classical economists of the 18th and 19th centuries, he focused on the connection between increased money supply and.
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This section contains 616 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page) Summary: Provides a biography of the astronomer Nicolas Copernicus. Describes his education and early interest in astronomy. Explores his observations, books and other works. Details how his work affected other future scientists. Nicholas Copernicus was born on February 19, 1473 in Torun, Poland. His real name was Mikolaj Kopernik but later changed his name to the Latin form. At age 10, his father died, and his Uncle became his legal guardian. In 1491, Copernicus was sent to Cracow University to study math, Latin, astronomy, geography, and philosophy. After returning from school, Copernicus' uncle influenced him to become canon of the cathedral of Frauenburg by sending him to the University of Bologna. After graduating, he went back to the cathedral. He continued studying here, until he figured out he really enjoyed astronomy. It grew into his primary interest, which previously was painting and translating Greek poetry to Latin. When studying astrology, it was very difficult, considering the invention of the telescope was not yet around. On March 9, 1497, Copernicus watched the Moon eclipse the star of Aldebaran. Copernicus made all his observations with the naked eye. (read more) This section contains 616 words (approx. 3 pages at 300 words per page).
Nicolaus Copernicus Printable Biography Nicolaus Copernicus was an astronomer, mathematician, translator, artist, and physicist among other things. He is best known as the first astronomer to posit the idea of a heliocentric solar system; a system in which the planets and planetary objects orbit the sun. His book, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, is often thought of as the most important book ever published in the field of astronomy. The ensuing explosion or research, observation, analysis, and science that followed its publication is referred to as the Copernican Revolution. Copernicus was born February 19, 1473 in what is now northern Poland. He was the son of wealthy and prominent parents and had two sisters and a brother. Sometime between 1483 and 1485, his father died, and he was put under the care of his paternal uncle, Lucas Watzenrode the Younger. Copernicus studied astronomy for some time in college, but focused on law and medicine. While continuing his law studies in the city of Bologna, Copernicus became fascinated in astronomy after meeting the famous astronomer Domenico Maria Novara. He soon became Novarra’s assistant. Copernicus even began giving astronomy lectures himself. After completing his degree in canon (Christian) law in 1503, Copernicus studied the works of Plato and Cicero concerning the movements of the Earth. It was at this time that Copernicus began developing his theory that the Earth and planets orbited the sun. He was careful not to tell anyone about this theory as it could be considered heresy (ideas that undermine Christian doctrine or belief). In the early 1500’s, Copernicus served in a variety of roles for the Catholic church, where he developed economic theories and legislation. Astronomy became little more than a hobby for Copernicus, who never worked professionally in the field. By 1514, however, Copernicus became so convinced.
Lived 1473 to 1543. By publishing his evidence that Earth orbits the sun, Nicolaus Copernicus relegated our planet’s status from center of the universe to just another planet. In doing so, he began the scientific revolution. Early Life and Education Nicolaus Copernicus was born in the city of Torun, in the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, northern Poland on February 19, 1473. His name at birth was Mikolaj Kopernik. He started calling himself the Latin form of his name, Nicolaus Copernicus, when he went to university. Nicolaus Copernicus was born into a wealthy family. He was named after his father, Mikolaj Kopernik, who was a prosperous copper trader. His mother, Barbara Watzenrode, also came from a wealthy, upper-class family of merchants. Nicolaus was the youngest of their four children. When he was 10 years old, his father died. Then Nicolaus’s uncle, whose name was Lucas Watzenrode, a nobleman who was to become Prince-Bishop of the region of Warmia, became Nicolaus’s guardian. In 1491, at the age of 18, Copernicus began as an undergraduate at the University of Krakow. There he studied astronomy, mathematics, philosophy, and the sciences. His main interests were reflected in the books he bought:   • Elements of Geometry by Euclid   • In Judgment of the Stars by Haly Abenragel   • Astronomical Tables by Alfonso X of Castile   • Astronomical and Mathematical Tables by Johannes Regiomontanus In his final year at university Copernicus wrote his own observations on mathematics and astronomy. These he inserted into his personal copy of Johannes Regiomontanus’s book. Advertisements Copernicus in Italy After four years at university, but without a degree, his nobleman uncle sent Copernicus to Bologna, Italy, to study canon law. His uncle, who had become Prince-Bishop of the region of Warmia, hoped that Nicolaus would return to become a canon in Warmia. It was a good church.