give author credit research paper

| Thesis | WWW | Personal Communication | DO NOTS NOTE: Although you should use these citation formats in this and other biology courses, specific formats vary considerably for individual journals. If you are trying to publish a paper in a specific journal, you will be required to follow the format of that journal. Some journals,e.g., Science, use a number system to give the text reference. That system will not be presented here, but you should expect to encounter it in your reading of the literature. A complete listing of citation formats for published materials may be found in Huth et al (1994). Citing References in the Body (Intro and Discussion) of the Paper Throughout the body of your paper (primarily the Intro and Discussion), whenever you refer to outside sources of information, you must cite the sources from which you drew information. The simplest way to do this is to parenthetically give the author's last name and the year of publication, e.g., (Clarke 2001). When citing information from another's publication, be sure to report the relevant aspects of the work clearly and succinctly, IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Provide a reference to the work as soon as possible after giving the information. Top of Page Standard Text Citation Formats There are exceptions among the various journals, but generally, in biological journals, the most frequent types of citations are shown in the following examples (in red): It has been found that male mice react to estrogen treatment by a reduction in phase three of courtship behavior (Gumwad 1952:209; Bugjuice 1970). Click and Clack (1974) demonstrated that mice treated with synthetic estrogen analogs react similarly. The reduction in phase three courtship behavior may also be linked to nutritional status (Anon. 1996; Bruhahauser et al 1973). Note the following: Typically, only the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication.
Give credit where credit is due English proverb to cite (verb): to acknowledge (give credit to) the original author or artist by providing a reference citation (noun): a properly formatted line of text that indicates the source for a quote, idea, fact etc. that you use What to cite The following examples require proper citation using an appropriate style manual such as the MLA. These are the main items that require citation. Direct quotes: phrases, sentences, or sections copied directly from a text; cite with quotation marks (use a limited amount of text, not a full text) Learn how to use quotation marks Paraphrased text: sections of your writing that are based on research (not common knowledge) but written in your own words (not in quotes) Facts and Figures: numbers, percentages, and facts that have been collected by an exclusive source (such as during an experiment or poll) Theories, methods, and ideas: any original idea or thought that you find during your research and present in your writing Images, graphs, illustrations: always follow copyright rules when using images, including those you find online Example direct quote: English as a Second Language and English as a Foreign Language are used interchangeably by many teachers, despite the obvious distinction. (Brown 55) Example paraphrasing: In the US many teachers use the term ESL, while in Europe, where people speak many languages, teachers often use the term EFL. (Brown 57) Note: The above example might be considered common knowledge by some people. If you knew the information before your research, you do not need to cite it. If you use a direct quote that is common knowledge you do need to cite it. In an essay or research paper you need to include two types of citation. One is short form and the other is detailed.1. In-text citation Stick to the three word rule of thumb. Never copy more than three words in a.
Chapter 40: QUOTING & PARAPHRASING                   How should you add quotations and paraphrases?--- Basic Bibliography (with Example) Basic Quoting and Paraphrasing (with Example) Fitting Quotations & Paraphrases into Sentences (w/Examples) Sandwiching Quotations (with Example)      Sandwiching Exercise (Click to go to another page.) Conclusion: What Do You Get Out of It? --- Introduction This chapter goes into more detail about the basics of how to write an MLA (and APA) bibliography, how to use quotations and paraphrases, and how to smoothly introduce quotations and paraphrases into your paragraphs through a technique called sandwiching.   For more details on any of these, please see Paraphrasing and Quoting in OnlineGrammar.org's Chapter 16. Research Writing.   And for more detailed information on how to write bibliographies, see OnlineGrammar.org's Chapter 17.Citation & Documentation. There also are excellent examples of quoting, paraphrasing, and bibliography writing in the Samples sections of several chapters in this textbook.  Just click below on the following chapters to go directly to their Samples pages: Analysis Paper Dialogic/Dialectic Paper Thesis Paper --- Return to top Basic Bibliography (8-12) A bibliography is a final page, typed after the last page of your manuscript on a separate page, that lists your sources—books, articles, Web sites, etc.  Different disciplines use different ways of listing.  This example shows an MLA style bibliography, called a Works Cited page.  For best results, use a computer program.  Some schools provide these.  If your school doesn't, see Bibliography Makers  in Chapter 17. of OnlineGrammar.org.  Use the following in any MLA (or APA) bibliography: ouble space for every line. Type--use same font size and style as the rest of your paper. Use normal margins--the same margins as in your paper. lphabetize your entries.
When using another author’s intellectual property (from primary or secondary source material), it is essential that you properly cite your source.  Giving credit not only benefits your credibility as an author, but will also help you avoid plagiarism. Be sure to carefully document all the necessary citation information for your sources while researching to make the process much easier. There are multiple formats for citation styles, and they vary according to academic discipline. The Modern Language Association (MLA) has a specific format for citation information that is to be included both in-text and on a Works Cited page. This format is used for English and some other humanities courses and includes stylistic conventions for the format of the essay as well as for the citations. Similarly, the American Psychological Association (APA) has its own form of citation and formatting that is most often utilized by courses in the social sciences. Yet another style of citation is the Chicago Manual of Style, which is often used in research papers for history and some humanities courses. You should always check with your professor about which citation format to use. For specific information on the guidelines for in-text, bibliographic, and footnote/endnote citation, see the links below: The Owl at Purdue: APA Style Citation The Owl at Purdue: Chicago Style Citation The Owl at Purdue: MLA Citation UT Libraries: Citing Sources (ppt) Avoiding Plagiarism In your classes, you’ll be reminded by your teachers often that plagiarism is against University rules and constitutes academic dishonesty.  Even if your professor doesn’t mention it, the Hilltopics Student Handbook reminds all students in every course at the University of Tennessee to abide by the Honor Statement: An essential feature of the University of Tennessee is a commitment to maintaining an atmosphere of intellectual.
In the academic world, it is critical that you give credit to those who have made contributions to your work so that they receive the acknowledgement they deserve, and so readers can assess the credibility of what you say. In your school papers, professors normally require that you show where you got facts, ideas and images. While there are a few citation styles, the Modern Language Association (MLA) style is one of the most popular. Items you will need Step 1 Put the parenthetical citation in parentheses at the end of the sentence that references it. The parenthetical, in-line or in-text citation is embedded within the prose of your report. If you refer to your reference by name within the text, include the page number, in parentheses, at the end of the sentence, e.g., (205). If you cannot work the author's name into your text, put her last name, followed by a comma and the page number, in parentheses at the end sentence, e.g., (King, 205). Note that the in-line citation comes at the end of the sentence, but before the closing punctuation. Step 2 Prepare the Works Cited page by entitling it as such. The works cited entries come on a separate page, double-spaced and in alphabetical order. You can divide entries into sections, with each section treated like a sentence, in that it is capitalized and ends with a period. Each entry begins on a new line. If your citation extends beyond a single line, indent each additional line. Step 3 Type the names of the authors in the order they appear in the resource. The first author is written last name first, first name second, and middle name or initial last. However, the second and third authors, as applicable, have their first and last names listed in the standard order. For sources with more than three authors, list the first author's last name, followed by a comma and et al. Remember to end this section of your citation with.